Ikintu gikunze kugaragara cyo kwangirika kw'imiyoboro y'umuvuduko

1. Gushonga cyane (bizwi kandi nka corrosion isanzwe), ari ikintu giterwa no gushonga kwa shimi cyangwa electrochemical corrosion, icyuma gishobora kugera ku bice byose by'ubuso bw'icyuma kimwe, ku buryo imiterere y'icyuma n'imiterere yacyo bingana, ubuso bwose bw'icyuma bugwa ku gipimo kimwe. Ku miyoboro y'icyuma gishyushya, mu kirere gifite agaciro ka PH nke, firime yo gufunga ishobora gutakaza ingaruka zayo zo kurinda bitewe no gushonga, hanyuma hakabaho gushonga kose. Yaba ari ugushonga kose guterwa no gushonga kwa shimi cyangwa electrochemical corrosion, ikintu gikunze kugaragara ni uko bigoye gukora firime yo gufunga ku buso bw'ibikoresho mu gihe cyo gushonga, kandi ibicuruzwa bya corrosion bishobora gushonga mu buryo bw'ingufu, cyangwa bigatera oxide idafite imyenge, ibyo bigatuma corrosion irushaho kwiyongera. Ingaruka za corrosion nyinshi ntizishobora gusuzugurwa: icya mbere, bizatuma agace k'umuvuduko w'ikintu gitwara pressure, bishobora gutuma imyobo iva, cyangwa ndetse no gucika cyangwa gucika bitewe n'imbaraga zidahagije; Icya kabiri, mu gihe cyo kwangirika kw'amashanyarazi, akenshi habaho uburyo bwo kugabanya H+, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma ibikoresho byuzuzwa na hydrogen, hanyuma bigatera hydrogène embrittle n'ibindi bibazo, ari na yo mpamvu ibikoresho bigomba gukurwamo hydrogen mu gihe cyo kubungabunga ubushuti.
2. Gucukura ni ikintu gitera ingese mu gace k’aho hantu gitangira ku buso bw’icyuma kikagenda gikura imbere kigakora umwobo muto umeze nk’ingufu. Mu buryo bwihariye bw’ibidukikije, nyuma y’igihe runaka, utwobo twacukuweho cyangwa utwobo dushobora kugaragara ku buso bw’icyuma, kandi utwo twobo twacukuweho tuzakomeza gukura kugeza ku burebure uko igihe kigenda gihita. Nubwo kugabanuka k’uburemere bw’icyuma kwa mbere bishobora kuba bito, bitewe n’umuvuduko w’ingese mu gace k’aho hantu, ibikoresho n’inkuta z’imiyoboro akenshi bitoboka, bigatera impanuka zitunguranye. Biragoye kugenzura ingese mu gace k’aho hantu kuko umwobo wacukuweho ari muto kandi akenshi utwikiriwe n’ibikomoka ku ngese, bityo biragoye gupima no kugereranya ingano y’iyo ngese mu buryo bw’ingano. Kubwibyo, ingese mu gace k’aho hantu ishobora gufatwa nk’imwe mu ngese zangiza cyane kandi zihishe.
3. Gushwanyagurika hagati y’ibinyampeke ni ikintu giterwa no kwangirika mu gace runaka kiba ku nkengero z’ibinyampeke cyangwa hafi y’umupaka w’ibinyampeke, ahanini bitewe n’itandukaniro riri hagati y’ubuso bw’ibinyampeke n’imiterere y’ibinyampeke imbere, ndetse no kuba hari imyanda iri hagati y’ibinyampeke cyangwa imbaraga z’imbere. Nubwo kwangirika hagati y’ibinyampeke bishobora kutagaragara ku rwego rwa macro, iyo bibaye, imbaraga z’ibikoresho zirabura hafi ako kanya, akenshi bigatuma ibikoresho bipfa mu buryo butunguranye nta nteguza. Ikirenzeho, kwangirika hagati y’ibinyampeke byoroshye guhinduka kwangirika hagati y’ibinyampeke, bikaba intandaro yo kwangirika hagati y’ibinyampeke.
4. Gushonga kw'icyuho ni ikintu cyangiza cyane kiba mu cyuho gito (ubugari buri hagati ya mm 0.02-0.1) cyakorewe ku buso bw'icyuma bitewe n'ibintu biturutse mu mahanga cyangwa impamvu z'imiterere yacyo. Ibyo byuho bigomba kuba bito bihagije kugira ngo amazi atembera kandi ahame, bityo bigatanga uburyo bwo kwangirika kw'icyuho. Mu bikorwa bifatika, ingingo z'urukiramende, ubuso bufatanye n'intete, ingingo z'imigozi, imigozi yo gusudira idasunitswe, imyenge, imyenge yo hejuru, imyenge yo gusudira idasukuwe kandi ishyizwe ku buso bw'icyuma bw'igipimo, imyanda, nibindi, bishobora kuba imyenge, bigatera kwangirika kw'icyuho. Ubu bwoko bwa kwangirika bw'aho hantu bukunze kugaragara kandi bwangiza cyane, kandi bushobora kwangiza uburyo ibyuma bihuzwa n'ubukana bw'ibikoresho, bigatera kwangirika kw'ibikoresho ndetse n'impanuka zangiza. Kubwibyo, gukumira no kugenzura kwangirika kw'imirongo ni ingenzi cyane, kandi hakenewe kubungabunga no gusukura ibikoresho buri gihe.
5. Gushonga kw'ibinyabiziga bigizwe na 49% by'ubwoko bwose bw'ibinyabiziga byangiritse, birangwa n'ingaruka nziza zo gushonga mu cyerekezo kimwe no kwangiza, bigatera gucikagurika. Ubu bwoko bw'ibinyabiziga bushobora gukwirakwira ku nkengero z'ibinyabiziga gusa, ahubwo no mu ngano ubwazo. Iyo ibinyabiziga bigeze imbere mu cyuma, bizatuma imbaraga z'icyuma zigabanuka cyane, ndetse bigatuma ibikoresho by'icyuma byangirika mu buryo butunguranye nta nteguza. Kubwibyo, gucikagurika kw'ibinyabiziga biterwa no kwangiza bitunguranye (SCC) bifite imiterere yo kwangiza bitunguranye kandi bikomeye, iyo ikinyabiziga kimaze gushingwa, umuvuduko wacyo wo kwaguka wihuta cyane kandi nta nteguza ikomeye ibaho mbere yo gucika, ari na yo mpamvu ikomeye cyane yo gucika kw'ibikoresho.
6. Ikintu cya nyuma gikunze kugaragara mu kwangirika ni ukwangirika k’umuruho, bivuga inzira yo kwangirika buhoro buhoro ku buso bw’ibikoresho kugeza igihe byacitse bitewe n’ibikorwa bihuriweho byo gusimburana n’uburyo bwo kwangirika. Ingaruka zihuriweho zo kwangirika no gusimburana kw’ibikoresho bituma igihe cyo gutangira n’igihe cyo gutangira kwangirika kw’umuruho bigabanuka cyane, kandi umuvuduko wo gukwirakwira kw’imikurire wiyongera, bigatuma umuvuduko w’ibikoresho by’icyuma ugabanuka cyane. Iki kintu ntikihutisha gusa kwangirika kw’igitutu cy’ibikoresho hakiri kare, ahubwo gituma igihe cyo gukora cy’igitutu cyakozwe hakurikijwe ibipimo by’umuruho kigabanuka cyane ugereranyije n’uko byari byitezwe. Mu ikoreshwa, kugira ngo hirindwe ibintu bitandukanye byangirika nko kwangirika k’imikurire y’ibyuma bishyushye, ingamba zikurikira zigomba gufatwa: buri mezi 6 kugira ngo hasukurwe neza imbere mu kigega cyo gusukura, ikigega cy’amazi ashyushye n’ibindi bikoresho; Niba ubukana bw’amazi ari bwinshi kandi ibikoresho bikoreshwa amasaha arenga 8 ku munsi, bisukurwa buri mezi 3.