Nkuko buriwese abizi, sterilizer nicyombo gifunze, mubisanzwe bikozwe mubyuma cyangwa ibyuma bya karubone. Mu Bushinwa, hari amato agera kuri miliyoni 2.3 y’umuvuduko muri serivisi, muri yo hakaba harimo kwangirika kw’ibyuma, bikaba byarabaye inzitizi nyamukuru n’uburyo bwo kunanirwa bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y’igihe kirekire y’imiyoboro y’umuvuduko. Nkubwoko bwumuvuduko wumuvuduko, gukora, gukoresha, kubungabunga no kugenzura sterilizer ntishobora kwirengagizwa. Bitewe nuburyo bugoye bwo kwangirika hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa, imiterere nibiranga kwangirika kwicyuma biratandukanye bitewe nibikoresho, ibidukikije nibidukikije. Ibikurikira, reka twinjire mubintu byinshi bisanzwe byumuvuduko wubwonko bwangirika:
1.Kwangirika kwinshi (bizwi kandi nka ruswa imwe), nikintu giterwa no kwangirika kwimiti cyangwa kwangirika kwamashanyarazi, uburyo bwangirika bushobora kugera mubice byose byubuso bwicyuma, kuburyo ibyuma nibyuma bisa nkibintu bimwe, hejuru yicyuma cyose cyangiritse ku kigero gisa. Kubikoresho byumuvuduko wibyuma, mubidukikije byangirika bifite agaciro gake ka PH, firime ya passivation irashobora gutakaza imbaraga zokwirinda kubera guseswa, hanyuma hakabaho ruswa yuzuye. Yaba ari ruswa yuzuye iterwa no kwangirika kwimiti cyangwa kwangirika kwamashanyarazi, ikintu gihuriweho ni uko bigoye gukora firime irinda passiyo ikingira hejuru yibintu mugihe cyo kwangirika, kandi ibicuruzwa bishobora kwangirika hagati, cyangwa gukora oxyde irekuye, ikomeza inzira yo kwangirika. Ingaruka zo kwangirika kwuzuye ntizishobora gusuzugurwa: icya mbere, bizatuma igabanuka ryumuvuduko wumuvuduko wubwato butwara ibintu, bishobora gutera gutobora, cyangwa no guturika cyangwa gusenyuka kubera imbaraga zidahagije; Icya kabiri, mugikorwa cyo kwangirika kwamashanyarazi yuzuye, H + kugabanya reaction ikunze guherekezwa, bishobora gutuma ibikoresho byuzuzwa hydrogène, hanyuma bigatera hydrogène kwinjiza nibindi bibazo, ari nayo mpamvu ituma ibikoresho bigomba kuba bifite umwuma; mugihe cyo gusudira.
2. Gutobora ni ibintu byangirika byaho bitangirira hejuru yicyuma kandi bikaguka imbere kugirango bibe umwobo muto umeze nk'urwobo. Mugihe cyihariye cyibidukikije, nyuma yigihe runaka, umwobo wihariye cyangwa umwobo bishobora kugaragara hejuru yicyuma, kandi ibyo byobo bizakomeza gutera imbere kugeza ubujyakuzimu mugihe runaka. Nubwo kugabanuka kwicyuma cyambere bishobora kuba bito, kubera umuvuduko wihuse wa ruswa yaho, ibikoresho ninkuta zumuyoboro bikunze gutoborwa, bikaviramo impanuka zitunguranye. Biragoye kugenzura ibyobo byangirika kuko umwobo wo gutobora ari muto mubunini kandi akenshi usanga utwikiriwe nibicuruzwa byangirika, kuburyo bigoye gupima no kugereranya urwego rwa pitingi mubwinshi. Kubwibyo, gutobora ruswa bishobora gufatwa nkimwe muburyo bwangiza kandi bwuzuye amayeri.
3. Kwangirika hagati yimiterere ni ibintu byangirika bibera hafi yumupaka wimbuto cyangwa hafi yacyo, ahanini biterwa no gutandukanya ubuso bwibinyampeke nibigize imiti yimbere, ndetse no kuba hariho imipaka yimbibi cyangwa guhangayika imbere. Nubwo kwangirika hagati yimiterere bishobora kutagaragara kurwego rwa macro, iyo bibaye, imbaraga zibikoresho ziratakara hafi ako kanya, akenshi biganisha ku kunanirwa gutunguranye kwibikoresho nta nteguza. Ikirushijeho gukomera, kwangirika kwimiterere ihinduka muburyo bworoshye guhinduka kwangirika kwimitsi, guhinduka intandaro yo guturika kwangirika.
4. Kubora icyuho nikintu cyo kwangirika kibaho mu cyuho gito (ubugari busanzwe buri hagati ya 0.02-0.1mm) bwakozwe hejuru yicyuma kubera imibiri yamahanga cyangwa impamvu zubatswe. Ibyo byuho bigomba kuba bigufi bihagije kugirango amazi atembane kandi ahagarare, bityo bitange ibisabwa kugirango icyuho kibe. Mubikorwa bifatika, guhuza flange, guhuza ibinyomoro hejuru, guhuza lap, gusudira gusudira kutanyujijwemo, gucamo, imyenge yo hejuru, icyuma cyo gusudira kidasukuye kandi kigashyirwa hejuru yicyuma cyubunini, umwanda, nibindi, bishobora kuba icyuho, bikavamo icyuho. Ubu buryo bwo kwangirika kwaho burasanzwe kandi burasenya cyane, kandi burashobora kwangiza ubusugire bwimikorere yubukanishi hamwe nuburemere bwibikoresho, biganisha ku bikoresho byananiranye ndetse nimpanuka zangiza. Kubwibyo, gukumira no kugenzura ruswa yangirika ni ngombwa cyane, kandi birasabwa kubungabunga ibikoresho bisanzwe no gukora isuku.
5. Stress ruswa ihwanye na 49% yubwoko bwose bwangirika bwibikoresho byose, bikarangwa ningaruka zo guhuza imbaraga zicyerekezo hamwe nuburyo bubora, biganisha kumeneka. Ubu bwoko bwo kumeneka ntibushobora gukura kumupaka wingano gusa, ahubwo no mubinyampeke ubwabyo. Hamwe niterambere ryimbitse ryibice byimbere imbere yicyuma, bizatuma kugabanuka gukomeye kwimbaraga zicyuma, ndetse bitume ibikoresho byuma byangirika gitunguranye nta nteguza. Kubwibyo rero, guhagarika umutima biterwa no guturika (SCC) bifite ibimenyetso biranga ibintu bitunguranye kandi bikomeye, iyo bimaze gushingwa, umuvuduko wacyo wihuta cyane kandi nta nteguza ihari mbere yo kunanirwa, ubwo ni uburyo bwangiza cyane bwibikoresho. .
6. Ikintu cya nyuma gikunze kwangirika ni umunaniro wo kwangirika, bivuga inzira yo kwangirika buhoro buhoro hejuru yibikoresho kugeza igihe byacitse bitewe nigikorwa cyo guhuza imbaraga hamwe nuburyo bwo kwangirika. Ingaruka zifatika zo kwangirika hamwe nuburyo bwo guhinduranya ibintu bituma igihe cyo gutangirira hamwe nigihe cyigihe cyumunaniro wumunaniro ugabanuka kuburyo bugaragara, kandi umuvuduko wo gukwirakwiza umuvuduko ukiyongera, bigatuma umunaniro wibikoresho byibyuma bigabanuka cyane. Ibi bintu ntabwo byihutisha kunanirwa hakiri kare ibintu byumuvuduko wibikoresho, ahubwo binatuma ubuzima bwumurimo wubwato bwumuvuduko bwateguwe ukurikije ibipimo byumunaniro biri munsi yibyateganijwe. Muri gahunda yo gukoresha, mu rwego rwo gukumira ibintu bitandukanye byangirika nko kunanirwa kwangirika kw’umuvuduko w’ibyuma bitagira umwanda, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zikurikira: buri mezi 6 kugira ngo usukure neza imbere y’ikigega cya sterisizione, ikigega cy’amazi ashyushye n’ibindi bikoresho; Niba amazi akomeye ari menshi kandi ibikoresho bikoreshwa amasaha arenga 8 kumunsi, bisukurwa buri mezi 3.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-19-2024