Gutandura ibiryo byo mu macupa mu bucuruzi bivuga ko nta mikorobe zitera indwara zibaho ndetse n’udukoko tutatera indwara dushobora kororoka mu biryo byo mu macupa nyuma y’uko ibiryo byo mu macupa bikorewe mu buryo buciriritse bwo gukaraba ubushyuhe, ni ngombwa cyane kugira ngo ibiryo byo mu macupa bimara igihe kirekire hashingiwe ku mutekano n’ubwiza bw’ibiryo. Gutandura ibiryo byo mu macupa mu bucuruzi mu igeragezwa rya mikorobe mu biryo birangwa no kutandura, kutagira udukoko twangiza, ndetse no kutagira udukoko dushobora kwiyongera mu macupa mu bushyuhe bw’icyumba.
Kugira ngo hagerwe ku bipimo byemewe byo kutarya ibiryo mu maduka, uburyo bwo gukora ibiryo mu macupa busanzwe bukubiyemo ibikorwa nko gutunganya mbere y’ibikoresho fatizo, kubibika mu macupa, kubifunga, kubibika neza no kubipfunyika. Abakora bafite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu gukora no kugenzura ubuziranenge bafite uburyo bugoye kandi butunganye bwo gukora.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro ibiryo mu macupa mu bucuruzi mu igenzura rya mikorobe mu biribwa ryarangiye, kandi isesengura ry’uburyo rikorwamo ryihariye rifasha mu gukoresha neza iri koranabuhanga mu bikorwa bifatika kugira ngo habeho umutekano mu biribwa mu macupa. Uburyo bwihariye bwo kugenzura uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro ibiryo mu macupa mu igenzura rya mikorobe mu biribwa ni ubu bukurikira (inzego zimwe na zimwe zigenzura zikora ku rundi ruhande zishobora kugira ibintu byinshi byo kugenzura):
1. Guteranya bagiteri mu macupa
Guteza imbere bagiteri mu macupa ni imwe mu nzira z'ingenzi mu igenzura ry’ubudahangarwa bw’ibiryo byo mu macupa mu bucuruzi. Mu gusesengura ibikubiye mu macupa mu buryo bw’umwuga, no gusuzuma no kugenzura uduce twa bagiteri twakuwemo, ibice bya mikorobe biri mu macupa bishobora gusuzumwa.
Udukoko dusanzwe dutera indwara mu macupa turimo ariko ntabwo ari two gusa duterwa na bagiteri zikunda ubushyuhe, nka Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus coagulans, Clostridium saccharolyticus, Clostridium niger, nibindi; bagiteri za mesophilic anaerobic, nka botulinum toxin Clostridium, Clostridium spoilage, Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium pasteurinum, nibindi; bagiteri za Mesophilic aerobic, nka Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, nibindi; bagiteri zidakora spores nka Escherichia coli, Streptococcus, yeast And mold, mold idashyuha nibindi. Mbere yo gukora culture ya bagiteri mu macupa, menya neza ko upimye pH y'agacupa kugira ngo uhitemo uburyo bukwiye bwo kuvura.
2. Gutoranya ibikoresho by'ibizamini
Uburyo bwo gufatira ingero muri rusange bukoreshwa mu gufatira ingero ku bikoresho byo mu igerageza ry’ibiryo byo mu macupa. Mu gihe cyo gupima amatsinda menshi y’ibiryo byo mu macupa, gufatira ingero muri rusange bikorwa hakurikijwe ibintu nk’uruganda, ikirango cy’ubucuruzi, ubwoko bw’ibiryo byo mu macupa cyangwa igihe cyo kubitunganya. Ku macupa adasanzwe nk’amacupa yangiritse, amacupa yavuyemo amazi, ibitonyanga, n’ibibyimba mu izenguruka ry’abacuruzi n’ububiko, gufatira ingero ku buryo bwihariye muri rusange bikorwa hakurikijwe uko ibintu bimeze. Ni ngombwa cyane kugira ngo ingero z’ibikoresho byo mu igerageza zihitemo uburyo bukwiye bwo gufatira ingero hakurikijwe uko ibintu bimeze, kugira ngo ibikoresho byo mu igerageza bigaragare neza nk’ibiryo byo mu macupa.
3. Icyitegererezo cyo kubika
Mbere yo kubika ingero, ibikorwa nko gupima, kubika ubushyuhe, no gufungura amacupa birakenewe. Pima uburemere bw'agacupa ukwako, bitewe n'ubwoko bw'agacupa, bigomba kuba bifite 1g cyangwa 2g. Ukoresheje pH n'ubushyuhe, amacupa abikwa ku bushyuhe budahinduka mu gihe cy'iminsi 10; amacupa afite ibinure cyangwa yamenetse mu gihe cy'ibikorwa agomba guhita atorwa kugira ngo agenzurwe. Nyuma yo kubika ubushyuhe, shyira agacupa ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba kugira ngo ufungure ahantu hatameze neza. Nyuma yo gufungura agacupa, koresha ibikoresho bikwiye kugira ngo ufate mg 10-20 z'ibikubiye mu gacupa mbere y'igihe mu buryo butanduye, ushyire mu gikoresho cyangiritse, hanyuma ubibike muri firigo.
4.Umusaruro w'ibiribwa bifite aside nke
Guhinga ibiryo bifite aside nke bisaba uburyo bwihariye: guhinga umutobe wa brompotaziyamu w'umuhengeri kuri 36 °C, guhinga umutobe wa brompotaziyamu w'umuhengeri kuri 55 °C, no guhinga inyama zitetse ku bushyuhe bwa 36 °C. Ibisubizo birasigwa kandi bigasigwa, kandi hakorwa isuzuma ryimbitse nyuma yo gusuzuma mikorosikopi, kugira ngo hamenyekane neza uburyo ubwoko bwa bagiteri bukoreshwa mu kugerageza kumenya ibiryo bifite aside nke. Mu gihe uhinga mu buryo bw'ubushyuhe, shyira imbaraga mu kureba umusaruro wa aside n'ibyuka bya mikorobe mu buryo bw'ubushyuhe, ndetse n'isura n'ibara by'ubwoko bw'udukoko, kugira ngo wemeze ubwoko bwihariye bwa mikorobe mu biribwa.
5. Gusuzuma mikorosikopi
Gusuzuma hakoreshejwe mikorosikopi ni bwo buryo bw'ibanze bukoreshwa cyane mu gupima ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa mu macupa, busaba ko abagenzuzi b'ubuziranenge bafite uburambe babikora. Mu hantu hatanduye, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukora isuku, shyiramo amazi ya bagiteri mu tunyangingo tw'udukoko turi mu macupa twakuwe ku bushyuhe buhoraho mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, kandi urebe uko bagiteri zisa hifashishijwe mikorosikopi ikomeye, kugira ngo umenye ubwoko bwa mikorositeri mu mazi ya bagiteri. Gusuzuma, no gutegura intambwe ikurikira yo gusesengura no kumenya ubwoko bwa bagiteri ziri mu gacupa. Iyi ntambwe isaba ubunyamwuga buhanitse cyane bw'abagenzuzi, kandi yabaye ihuriro rishobora kugerageza neza ubumenyi n'ubuhanga bw'abagenzuzi.
6. Isuzuma ry'ubuhinzi ku biribwa bifite aside iri munsi ya pH 4.6
Ku biribwa bifite aside ifite pH iri munsi ya 4.6, ikizamini cya bagiteri zihumanya ibiribwa muri rusange ntikiba gikenewe. Mu buryo bwihariye bwo guhinga, uretse gukoresha umufa w’aside nk’uburyo bwo guhinga, ni ngombwa no gukoresha umufa w’ibikomoka kuri malt nk’uburyo bwo guhinga. Mu gusiga no gusuzuma mikorosikopi y’udukoko twatewe, ubwoko bwa bagiteri mu dukombe tw’aside burashobora kumenyekana, kugira ngo hakorwe isuzuma ry’ukuri kandi riboneye ry’umutekano w’ibiribwa by’udukombe tw’aside.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-10-2022