Ikinyamakuru China Consumer Daily cyatangaje (umunyamakuru Li Jian) Fungura umupfundikizo (umufuka), biteguye kuribwa, biraryoha, kandi biroroshye kubika. Mu bihe bya vuba aha, ibiryo byo mu macupa byabaye ikintu cy'ingenzi mu bicuruzwa by'ingo nyinshi. Ariko, ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa kuri interineti ku baguzi barenga 200 bwakozwe n'umunyamakuru wo muri China Consumer News bwagaragaje ko bitewe n'impungenge z'uko ibiryo bitakiri bishya, ko bigomba kuba bifite imiti myinshi yo kubirinda, kandi bigatakaza intungamubiri nyinshi, abantu benshi bafite igitekerezo cyuzuye ku biryo byo mu macupa. "Kubikunda" mu by'ukuri ntabwo ari byinshi cyane. Ariko se koko uku gushidikanya gufite ishingiro? Umva icyo impuguke mu bumenyi bw'ibiribwa zivuga.
Amacupa yoroshye, warigeze kubyumva?
Mu gihe cy’ubuke bw’ibikoresho, ibiryo byo mu macupa byari uburyohe butandukanye bwuzuyemo “ubwiza.” Mu byo abantu benshi bibuka nyuma ya za 70 na 80, ibiryo byo mu macupa ni ibiryo bifite intungamubiri bishobora kuribwa gusa mu minsi mikuru cyangwa indwara.
Ibiryo byo mu macupa byahoze ari ibiryo biryoshye ku meza adasanzwe y'abantu basanzwe. Hafi ya buri biryo byose bishobora gukodeshwa mu macupa. Bivugwa ko amahitamo y'ibiryo byo mu macupa ari atandukanye, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma abantu bumva ibyiza by'ibirori byuzuye bya Manchurian.
Ariko, niba uko ubona ibiryo byo mu macupa bikiri ku rwego rw'imbuto, imboga, amafi n'inyama bipfunyitse mu macupa cyangwa mu macupa y'ibirahuri, bishobora kuba "byashaje".
"Amahame y'Igihugu y'Umutekano w'Ibiribwa ku Biryo Bikonje" asobanura neza ibiryo bikonje nk'ibiryo bicuruzwa bitari iby'ubuziranenge bikozwe mu mbuto, imboga, ibihumyo biribwa, inyama z'amatungo n'inkoko, inyamaswa zo mu mazi, n'ibindi, bitunganywa binyuze mu kubyaza umusaruro mbere yo kubitunganya, kubibika mu macupa, kubifunga, kubisukura mu bushyuhe n'izindi nzira. Ibiryo bikonje birimo bagiteri.
Porofeseri Wu Xiaomeng wo mu Ishuri ry’Ubumenyi bw’Ibiribwa n’Ubwubatsi bw’Imirire rya Kaminuza y’Ubuhinzi y’Ubushinwa yasobanuye mu kiganiro n’umunyamakuru wo mu Bushinwa Consumer News ko icyo ibiryo byo mu macupa ari ukubanza gufungwa, naho icya kabiri ni ukugira ngo bibe bidafite ubuziranenge mu bucuruzi. Ipaki ikoresha ishobora kuba ipaki ikomeye igaragazwa n’amacupa gakondo y’icyuma cyangwa amacupa y’ibirahure, cyangwa ipaki yoroshye nk’amacupa ya aluminiyumu n’amacupa yo guteka ashyushye cyane, muri rusange yitwa ibiryo byoroshye byo mu macupa. Urugero, imifuka y’imboga mu macupa ya aluminiyumu mu biribwa bitandukanye bishyushya, cyangwa imifuka yo guteka isanzwe ikoreshwa mu bushyuhe busanzwe nk’ibice by’ingurube biryoshye bya Sichuan n’ibice by’ingurube biryoshye by’amafi, byose biri mu cyiciro cy’ibiryo byo mu macupa.
Ahagana mu 2000, nk'icyiciro cya mbere cyateye imbere mu nganda z'ibiribwa, ibiryo byo mu macupa byagiye byitwa "ibidafite ubuzima bwiza".
Mu 2003, urutonde rw'"Ibiribwa icumi by'imyanda byashyizwe ahagaragara na OMS" (harimo ibiryo byo mu macupa) rwafatwaga nk'ikintu gitera ubukonje bw'ibiryo byo mu macupa mu bantu. Nubwo uru rutonde rwahinduwe ibinyoma gusa, ibiryo byo mu macupa, cyane cyane "ibiryo bikomeye byo mu macupa" bisanzwe (bipakiye mu byuma cyangwa mu birahuri), bisa nkaho bigoye gufungura ijambo ry'ibanga ry'Abashinwa.
Amakuru agaragaza ko nubwo umusaruro w'ibiribwa byo mu macupa mu gihugu cyanjye uza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi, buri muturage arya ibiryo byo mu macupa biri munsi ya kilogarama 8, kandi abantu benshi barya munsi y'udusanduku tubiri ku mwaka.
Kurya ibiryo byo mu macupa bingana no kurya imiti irinda ubushyuhe? Ubu bushakashatsi bworoheje bwerekana ko 69.68% by'ababajijwe badakunze kugura ibiryo byo mu macupa, naho 21.72% by'ababajijwe bakabigura rimwe na rimwe. Ariko nanone, nubwo 57.92% by'ababajijwe bemeza ko ibiryo byo mu macupa byoroshye kubibika kandi bikaba bikwiye kubikwa mu rugo, 32.58% by'ababajijwe baracyatekereza ko ibiryo byo mu macupa bimara igihe kirekire kandi bigomba kuba bifite imiti myinshi irinda ubushyuhe.
Mu by’ukuri, ibiryo byo mu macupa ni kimwe mu biribwa bike bidasaba ibintu bigabanya ubushyuhe cyangwa bike cyane.
“Amahame y’Igihugu agenga umutekano w’ibiribwa ku ikoreshwa ry’inyongeramusaruro z’ibiribwa” avuga ko uretse aside propiyonike n’umunyu wayo wa sodiyumu na kalisiyumu byemewe kongerwamo, ingano ntarengwa yo gukoreshwa ni 50 g/kg), amashami y’imigano yo mu macupa, sauerkraut, ibihumyo biribwa n’imbuto z’ibinyampeke (byemewe kongeramo dioxyde de sulfure, ingano ntarengwa yo gukoreshwa ni 0.5 g/kg), inyama zo mu macupa (nitrite yemewe, ingano ntarengwa yo gukoreshwa ni 0.15 g/kg), ubwo bwoko 6 bw’ibiribwa byo mu macupa busaba doze nto cyane y’ibintu bibungabunga udukoko runaka, naho ibindi ntibishobora kongerwamo.
None se, ni iki "igihe gikonje" cy'ibiryo byo mu macupa akenshi bibikwa mu gihe cy'umwaka umwe kugeza kuri itatu cyangwa birengaho ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba?
Wu Xiaomeng yabwiye umunyamakuru wa "China Consumer News" ko ibiryo byo mu macupa birinzwe n'uburyo bubiri bwo kubibika mu buryo bwa "suspense" no kubibika mu buryo bufunze. Akenshi, kwangirika kw'ibiryo bigirwaho ingaruka na mikorobe nka bagiteri n'ibihumyo. Gutunganya ibiryo byo mu macupa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kubibika mu buryo bwa "suspense" nko mu bushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi bishobora gutuma umubare munini wa mikorobe upfa. Muri icyo gihe, inzira nko gusohora imyuka no kubifunga bishobora kugabanya cyane umwanda w'ibiryo. Ogisijeni iri mu gikoresho ibuza gukura kwa mikorobe zimwe na zimwe zishobora kuba mu gikoresho, kandi ikabuza ogisijeni cyangwa mikorobe zinjira hanze y'igikoresho mu gikoresho, bigatuma ibiryo bihora bitekanye. Hamwe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ibiryo, ikoranabuhanga rishya nko kubibika mu buryo bwa "suspense" no kubibika mu buryo bwa "microwave" bigira igihe gito cyo gushyushya, gukoresha ingufu nke, no kubibika mu buryo bwa "suspense" neza.
Kubwibyo, si ngombwa guhangayikishwa n'ibintu byinshi bifasha mu kubika ibintu mu macupa. "Ubumenyi buzwi cyane" kuri interineti buvuga ko "kurya ibiryo bifasha mu kubika ibintu mu macupa ari kimwe no kurya ibintu bifasha mu kubika ibintu mu macupa" buteye ubwoba cyane.
Ese ibiryo byo mu macupa birashaje kandi bifite intungamubiri?
Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko uretse impungenge ku bintu bifasha mu kubungabunga ibidukikije, 24.43% by'ababajijwe bemezaga ko ibiryo byo mu macupa atari bishya. Mu bantu barenga 150 babajijwe "bagura gake" kandi "ntibagura" ibiryo byo mu macupa, 77.62% by'ababajijwe bemeza ko ibiryo byo mu macupa atari bishya.
Nubwo bamwe mu baguzi batangiye gutekereza guhitamo ibiryo byo mu macupa byoroshye kubika bitewe n'ibintu nko gukumira no kurwanya icyorezo no kubibika mu ngo zabo, ibi ntibyahinduye uko abantu babona ko "bidakora".
Mu by’ukuri, ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ibiryo mu macupa ubwaryo ryatangiye kugaragara ni ukugira ngo ibiryo bikomeze kuba bishya.
Wu Xiaomeng yasobanuye ko ibiryo nk'inyama n'amafi bizangirika vuba iyo bitatunganyijwe ku gihe. Iyo imboga n'imbuto bitatunganyijwe ku gihe nyuma yo gutorwa, intungamubiri zizakomeza kubura. Kubwibyo, amwe mu masosiyete afite uruhererekane rwuzuye rw'ibicuruzwa muri rusange ahitamo igihe cyo gukura gifite umusaruro munini w'ibikoresho kandi akabikora bishya, kandi uburyo bwose bwo guhitamo no gutunganya ibikoresho bufata amasaha ari munsi ya 10. Nta kindi gihombo cy'intungamubiri kiruta inzira ibintu bishya bifata kuva mu gutoranya, gutwara, kugurisha, hanyuma bikajyanwa muri firigo y'umuguzi.
Birumvikana ko vitamine zimwe na zimwe zihanganira ubushyuhe buke zitakaza ubushyuhe bwazo mu gihe cyo kuzibika mu macupa, ariko intungamubiri nyinshi ziragumana. Iki gihombo kandi si ukubura intungamubiri zituruka ku mboga zitetse mu rugo buri munsi.
Hari igihe ibiryo byo mu macupa bishobora kuba ingirakamaro mu kubika vitamine. Urugero, inyanya zo mu macupa, nubwo zashyizwemo imiti yica udukoko, inyinshi muri vitamine C ziba zikiriho iyo zivuye mu ruganda, kandi ziba zihamye. Urundi rugero ni amafi yo mu macupa. Nyuma yo gukaraba ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi, si inyama n'amagufwa by'amafi byoroshye gusa, ahubwo na calcium nyinshi irashonga. Calcium iri mu gasanduku k'amafi yo mu macupa ishobora no kuba hejuru y'inshuro 10 z'amafi mashya afite uburemere bumwe. Ubutare, zinc, iyode, selenium n'indi myunyu ngugu mu mafi ntabwo izatakara.
Kuki ibiryo "binure" bidashobora gukaraba mu macupa
Kenshi na kenshi, ni byiza ko abaguzi bajya mu maduka manini cyangwa mu maduka manini kugira ngo bagure ibicuruzwa bivuye mu nganda zisanzwe, kandi bagasuzuma ubwiza bw'ibiryo biri mu macupa uhereye ku miterere, ibipfunyika, ubwiza bw'amarangamutima, ibirango, n'ikirango.
Wu Xiaomeng yibukije ko amacupa y’ibyuma bisanzwe agomba kuba afite ishusho yuzuye, nta guhindagurika, nta kwangirika, nta bisebe, kandi igipfukisho cyo hasi kigomba kuba gipfutse imbere; hagati y’igipfukisho cy’icyuma cy’amacupa y’ibirahure hagomba kuba hagabanutseho gato, kandi ibirimo bigomba kurebwa binyuze mu gice cy’icupa. Ishusho igomba kuba yuzuye, isupu irasobanutse, kandi nta mwanda uhari.
Icyifuzo cyihariye ni uko niba uhuye n'ibi bikurikira, uko byaba bimeze kose, ntukarye.
Imwe muri zo ni “gutega amatwi ibinure” mu macupa, ni ukuvuga ikigega cyo kwagura. Impamvu nyamukuru yo kwagura ikigega ni uko imbere mu gikoresho handuye mikorobe kandi bigatanga umwuka. Iyi myuka irakusanya ku rugero runaka, bigatuma ikigega gihinduka. Kubwibyo, ibiryo byo mu macupa birimo “kwiyongera ibiro”, ikimenyetso cyumvikana cyerekana ko cyangiritse.
Icya kabiri, ipaki yo mu gikombe irava kandi irimo imyuka. Mu gihe cyo kubika no gutwara ibicuruzwa byo mu gikombe, bitewe n'udusimba n'izindi mpamvu, ipaki y'ibicuruzwa izahinduka, kandi umwuka ukava ku gipfundikizo cy'ipaki. Imyuka iva mu gikombe ituma ibicuruzwa biri mu gikombe bihura n'isi yo hanze, kandi mikorobe zishobora kubyaza umusaruro amahirwe yo kwinjira.
Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko 93.21% by'ababajijwe ari bo bahisemo neza ibi. Ariko, abagera kuri 7% by'ababajijwe bemezaga ko gucika intege guterwa n'ingendo atari ikibazo gikomeye, maze bahitamo kugura no kurya.
Wu Xiaomeng yibukije ko inyama nyinshi zo mu macupa n'imbuto n'imboga zidakomeye cyane, kandi ni byiza kuzirya icyarimwe nyuma yo kuzifungura. Niba udashobora kuzirangiza, ugomba kuzisuka mu gikoresho cy'ibiribwa cya enamel, ceramic cyangwa pulasitiki, ukazifunga na pulasitiki, uzibike muri firigo, hanyuma uzirye vuba bishoboka.
Ku bijyanye n'isosi y'isukari yo mu macupa na jam, isukari iba iri hagati ya 40% na 65%. Mu buryo busanzwe, ntabwo byoroshye kwangirika nyuma yo kuyifungura, ariko ntabwo bikwiye kuba uburangare. Niba udashobora kuyirya yose icyarimwe, ugomba kuyipfundikira, cyangwa kuyisuka mu kindi gikoresho hanyuma ukayipfunyika na pulasitiki, hanyuma ukayibika muri firigo, hanyuma ukagerageza kuyirya mu minsi ibiri cyangwa itatu. Mu gihe cy'impeshyi no mu gihe cy'itumba, ishobora kubikwa indi minsi mike.
Amasano ajyanye: Aseptic y'ubucuruzi
Ibiryo biri mu macupa ntabwo ari bibi rwose, ahubwo ni bibi mu bucuruzi. Gutangiza ibiribwa mu bucuruzi bivuga ko ibiryo biri mu macupa, nyuma yo gukataza ibiribwa mu bushyuhe buringaniye, bitaba birimo udukoko twangiza ibinyabuzima, kandi ntibiba birimo udukoko tutangiza ibinyabuzima dushobora kwiyongeramo ku bushyuhe busanzwe. Mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe busanzwe, ibiryo biri mu macupa bishobora kwemezwa ko ari byiza kubirya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-04-2023